A goal that is achieved through the attainment of a skill, knowledge, or both and that can be observed or measured is:

The correct answer is learning objective. A learning objective clearly articulates what a learner is expected to achieve or demonstrate after completing a specific lesson or training segment. It is characterized by its observable and measurable outcomes, allowing both instructors and learners to gauge progress and understanding in a concrete manner.

Learning objectives are designed to guide the instruction and provide a clear focus for both the educator and the learners. They help in defining the skills and knowledge that should be acquired, ensuring that the training is aligned with the desired educational outcomes. This clarity supports effective assessment of whether the objectives have been met.

In contrast to a terminal objective, which refers to a broader outcome expected at the end of a training program, or an enabling objective, which breaks down the elements of learning that lead to the terminal objective, a learning objective is specific and actionable. The other options, while related to the learning process, do not emphasize the observable and measurable aspect of educational outcomes as clearly as a learning objective does.